Sewing+Machine

=The Sewing Machine = ﻿By Lucia The sewing machine was a great invention and was used to make pretty much all clothes that we wear today!


 * Information Report **toc

The Sewing Machine
A sewing machines is used to stitch fabric and material together using thread. The sewing machines improved the efficiency and productivity of fabric, clothing industries and needle industries greatly. Three people by the names of Barthélemy Thimonnier, Josef Madersperger and Thomas Saint were the people who invented the sewing machines. Barthélemy was the eldest child in his family and he was studying to be a tailor in Lyon before his invention. The sewing machine was invented because it would make clothes making easier and quicker. It also makes the stitching much more accurate. Sometimes sewing machines are more important than others, for example, when a tailor makes clothes everyone wants them done quick and accurate. The sewing machines that we use today have different settings to fit whatever you're doing and I'm sure that Barthélemy Thimonnier, Josef Madersperger and Thomas Saint would be impressed by them. The sewing machine has come a long way since the first sewing machine which you would have to use your energy to now when it does it for you. A British inventor Thomas Saint was the first to patent a design for the sewing machine in 1791. An Australian tailor called Josef Madersperger presented his first sewing machine in 1814. Barthélemy Thimonnier patented a sewing machine that sewed straight seams using chain stitch in 1830. When 1841 came around Barthélemy had 80 sewing machines in a factory sewing uniforms for the french army. After that he had no more success with the sewing machine. Barthélemy was working as a tailor in Saint-étienne when he invented the sewing machine. Then he signed a contract with Auguste Ferrand a year later who made drawings and submitted a patent application. In 1842, John Greenough patented the first sewing machine in the United States. This machine combined elements of Thimonnier's, Hunt's, and Howe's machines. He was granted an American patent in 1851 and it was suggested he patent the foot pedal (or treadle) used to power some of his machines; however, it had been in use for too long for a patent to be issued. When Howe learned of Singer's machine he took him to court. Howe won and Singer was forced to pay a lump sum for all machines already produced. Singer then took out a license under Howe's patent and paid him $1.15 per machine. Singer then entered a joint partnership with a lawyer named Edward Clark, and they formed the first hire-purchase (time payment) scheme to allow people to afford to buy their machines. In 1856 the Sewing Machine Combination was formed, consisting of Singer, Howe, Wheeler and Wilson, and Grover and Baker. These four companies pooled their patents, meaning that all the other manufacturers had to obtain a license and pay $15 per machine. This lasted until 1877 when the last patent expired. In 1885 Singer patented the Singer Vibrating Shuttle sewing machine, which used Allen B. Wilson's idea for a vibrating shuttle and was a better lockstitcher than the oscillating shuttles of the time. Millions were produced until finally superseded by rotary shuttle machines in the 20th century. In 1905 Merrow won a lawsuit against Willcox & Gibbs for the rights to the original crochet stitch. In 1946, the first Toyota sewing machine was built under the strict supervision of Toyota founder, Mr. Kiichiro Toyoda. Mr. Toyoda had a strong belief that home-use products must be "functional yet beautiful".

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=Who and Where = The sewing machine was invented by Three men by the names of Barthélemy Thimonnier, Thomas Saint and Jason Maderspeger. In 1795, <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> Thimonnier's family moved to Amplepuis. Barthélemy was the oldest of seven children. He studied in Lyon before going to work as a tailor <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">in Panissiéres. In January 1822 Barthélemy Thimonnier married an embroider-ess. In 1823, he settled Saint-étienne and worked as a <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">tailor there. In 1829, he invented the sewing machine and signed a contract with Auguste Ferrand in 1830, a mining engineer, who made <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">the requisite drawings and submitted a patent application. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">-[]

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Invention =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">﻿﻿What
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric, cards and other material together with thread. Sewing machines were <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">the <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">invention of the first working sewing, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">sewing machine has vastly improved the efficiency and productivity of fabric, clothing industries,needle industries. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">-[]

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">﻿Facts
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Home sewing machines are all similar—designed for one person to manually sew individual items while using a single stitch type. Modern <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> sewing machines are designed in such a way that the fabric easily glides in and out of the machine without the hassle of needles and <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">thimbles and other such tools used in hand sewing, automating the process of stitching and saving time. Industrial sewing machines, by <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">contrast, are larger, faster, more complex, and more varied in their size, cost, appearance, and task.The fabric shifting mechanism may <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> be a workguide or may be pattern-controlled (e.g., jacquard type). Some machines can create embroidery-type stitches. Some have a <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">work holder frame. Some have a workfeeder that can move along a curved path, while others have a work-feeder with a work clamp. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Needle guards, safety devices to prevent accidental needle-stick injuries, are often found on modern sewing machines. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">-http://en.wikipedia.org/sewingmachine/Sewing_machine

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Why = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">﻿The sewing machine was invented because it would make clothes making easier and quicker. It also makes the stitching more accurate. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> Sometimes they are more important than others, for example, when a tailor makes clothes everyone wants them done quick and <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">accurate. The ones we use today have different settings to fit whatever you're doing and I'm sure that if you asked Thimonnier, <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Maderspeger and Saint they would be impressed.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">History and Development =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Photos
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Elias Howe's lockstitch machine, invented 1845 <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> Needle plate, foot and transporter of a sewing machine <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> A Merrow 70-Class machine (2007) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-[] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|Number%3D6&imgrefurl=http://photo.machinestogo.net/main.php/popular%3Fg2_itemId%3D93&h=455&w=500&sz=131&tbnid=gWRglt0K0JbtbM:&tb] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|nh=118&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dold%2Bsewing%2Bmachine&zoom=1&q=old+sewing+machine&usg=__ZCJdlGqRSPSMS_pXYub2GrNZw] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[|vE=&sa=X&ei=mdEjTYjTLcX0cJbk2KEI&ved=0CCEQ9QEwAw] = = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">When =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">1791
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">In 1791 British inventor Thomas Saint was the first to patent a design for a sewing machine. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas. A working model was never built.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1814
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">In 1814 an Austrian tailor Josef Madersperger, presented his first sewing machine, the development of which started in 1807.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">1830
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">In 1830 a French tailor named Barthélemy Thimonnier, patented a sewing machine that sewed straight seams using chain stitch. By 1841, Thimonnier had a factory of 80 machines sewing uniforms for the French Army. The factory was destroyed by rioting French tailors afraid of losing their livelihood. Thimonnier had no further success with his machine.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">1833
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">The lockstitch sewing machine was invented by Walter Hunt in 1833. His machine used an eye-pointed needle (with the eye and the point on the same end) carrying the upper thread and a shuttle carrying the lower thread. The curved needle moved through the fabric horizontally, leaving the loop as it withdrew. Hunt eventually lost interest in his machine and sold it without bothering to patent it.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">1842
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">In 1842, John Greenough patented the first sewing machine in the United States.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1851
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">This machine combined elements of Thimonnier's, Hunt's, and Howe's machines. He was granted an American patent in 1851 and it was suggested he patent the foot pedal (or treadle) used to power some of his machines; however, it had been in use for too long for a patent to be issued. When Howe learned of Singer's machine he took him to court. Howe won and Singer was forced to pay a lump sum for all machines already produced. Singer then took out a license under Howe's patent and paid him $1.15 per machine. Singer then entered a joint partnership with a lawyer named Edward Clark, and they formed the first hire-purchase (time payment) scheme to allow people to afford to buy their machines.

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1856 **
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In 1856 the Sewing Machine Combination was formed, consisting of Singer, Howe, Wheeler and Wilson, and Grover and Baker. These four companies pooled their patents, meaning that all the other manufacturers had to obtain a license and pay $15 per machine. This lasted until 1877 when the last patent expired.

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1885 **
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In 1885 Singer patented the Singer Vibrating Shuttle sewing machine, which used Allen B. Wilson's idea for a vibrating shuttle and was a better lockstitcher than the oscillating shuttles of the time. Millions were produced until finally superseded by rotary shuttle machines in the 20th century.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1905
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In 1905 Merrow won a lawsuit against Willcox & Gibbs for the rights to the original crochet stitch.

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">1946 **
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In 1946, the first Toyota sewing machine was built under the strict supervision of Toyota founder, Mr. Kiichiro Toyoda. Mr. Toyoda had a strong belief that home-use products must be "functional yet beautiful".

-http://en.wikipedia.orgwiki/Sewing_machine =<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; padding-right: 10px;">-http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/sewing_machine.htm = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Other Facts =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The first possible patent connected to the mechanical sewing was a 1755 British patent issued to german, Charles Weisenthal. Weisenthal was issued s patent for a needle that was designed for a machine, however, the patent did not describe the rest of the sewing machine if one existed. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 27px;">Hand sewing is an art form that is over 20,000 years old. The first sewing needles were made of bones or animal horns and the first thread was made of animal sinew. Iron needles were invented in the 14th century. The first eyed needles appeared in the 15th century.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal;">People started sewing as long as 20,000 years ago, during the last Ice Age. Archaeologists have discovered bone needles with eyes, used to sew together skins and furs, dating back to this time. The earliest known sewing needles made of iron come from the Celtic hill fort at Manching, Germany, and date to the third century BC. The tomb of a minor official of the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220) has been reported by Chinese archaeologists as containing a sewing set complete with thimble. This would be the oldest known example of a thimble, which originated as a device to help push crude needles through resistant materials such as animal skins. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal;">It was over 1500 years later in 1790, that the first workable sewing machine was invented and patented by the British inventor Thomas Saint. Earlier, in 1755, Karl Weisenthal, a German inventor, devised the first sewing macine needle, but did not produce a complete machine. Saint's machine, which was designed to sew leather and canvas, mainly on boots, used only a single thread and formed a chain stitch. Instead of a needle, an awl was employed to pierce a hole through the material being sewed. Another mechanism placed the thread over the hole, and then a needlelike rod with a forked point carried the thread through to the underside of the work, where a hook caught the thread and moved it forward for the next stitch.When the cycle was repeated, a second loop was formed on the underside of the cloth with the first loop, thus forming a chain and locking the stitch. Saint's machine, however, never progressed beyond the patent model stage. And it overlooked the Weisenthal needle design. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: normal;">In 1830 a French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier (1793-1857), patented the first practical sewing machine. It employed a hook-tipped needle, much like an embroidery needle, that was moved downward by a cord-connected foot treadle and returned by a spring. Like Thomas Saint's machine, it produced a chain stitch. By 1841, eighty of his machines were being used to sew uniforms for the French army. However, his factory was destroyed by a mob of tailors, who saw the new machines as a threat to their livelihood. Thimonnier died bankrupt in England.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 27px;">-http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/sewing_machine.htm <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 27px;">-http://www.moah.org/exhibits/virtual/sewing.html =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Stitch Formation =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Sewing machines can make a great variety of plain or patterned stitches. Ignoring strictly decorative aspects, over three dozen distinct stitch formations are formally recognized by the ISO 4915:1991 standard. For a summary see involving one to seven separate threads to form the stitch. Plain stitches fall into four general categories: lockstitch, chainstitch, overlock, and coverstitch.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Lockstitch is the familiar stitch performed by most household sewing machines and most industrial "single needle" sewing machines from two threads, one passed through a needle and one coming from a bobbin or shuttle. Each thread stays on the same side of the material being sewn, interlacing with the other thread at each needle hole by means of a bobbin driver. As a result, a lockstitch can be formed anywhere on the material being sewn; it does not need to be near an edge.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Chainstitch
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Chainstitch was used by early sewing machines and has a major drawback: the stitch can easily be ripped out, and can rip out by itself if the thread breaks at any point. People soon realized a better stitch was needed,and it was found in the lockstitch.The chainstitch is still used today in clothing manufacture,though due to its major drawback it is generally paired with an overlock stitch along the same seam.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Overlock
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Overlock, also known as "serging" or "serger stitch", can be formed with one to four threads, one or two needles, and one or two loopers. Overlock sewing machines are usually equipped with knives that trim or create the edge immediately in front of the stitch formation. Household and industrial overlock machines are commonly used for garment seams in knit or stretchy fabrics, for garment seams where the fabric is light enough that the seam does not need to be pressed open, and for protecting edges against raveling. Machines using two to four threads are most common, and frequently one machine can be configured for several varieties of overlock stitch. Overlock machines with five or more threads usually make both a chainstitch with one needle and one looper, and an overlock stitch with the remaining needles and loopers. This combination is known as a "safety stitch". Household overlock machines are widely used.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Coverstitch
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Coverstitch is formed by two or more needles and one or two loopers. Like lockstitch and chainstitch, coverstitch can be formed anywhere on the material being sewn. One looper manipulates a thread below the material being sewn, forming a bottom cover stitch against the needle threads. An additional looper above the material can form a top cover stitch simultaneously. The needle threads form parallel rows, while the looper threads cross back and forth all the needle rows. Coverstitch is so-called because the grid of crossing needle and looper threads covers raw seam edges, much as the overlock stitch does. It is widely used in garment construction, particularly for attaching trims and flat seaming where the raw edges can be finished in the same operation as mucky duck.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 25px; line-height: 38px;">Webliography = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">-http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/sewing_machine.htm <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 27px;">-http://www.moah.org/exhibits/virtual/sewing.html <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine