Camera+2

BY : ImOgEn
=Research String= who invented the camera when was the camera invented what is the camera why was the camera invented where was the camera invented how has the camera changed over time =Who Invented It ?=

An Iraqi Arab scientist Ibn al-Haytham wrote //Book of Optics//[| find out more ...](original Arabic name: //Kitāb al-Manāẓir//), a seven volumed book, where the basic concept of a camera first appeared. It iterated the usage of a pinhole or lens to focus an image onto a screening surface. The first small camera which could be held by hand, was designed by Johann Zahn in 1685, but it took many more years for this design to prove successful. A sliding wooden box camera was made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier. The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph - =When Was It Invented ?=

1021 - Ibn al-Haytham 1685 - Johann Zahn 1826 - Joseph - Nicephore Niepce =What Is It ?= A camera is a device that is used to transfer an image onto either a sheet of film or a space on a digital hard drive. It does this by collecting light that is reflected off an object and then creating a copy of the image on whatever storage device the particular camera uses. There a number of different of [|different types of cameras], some of which capture still images while others focus on moving images.

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With the precursor of the camera being the Camera Obscura. The camera obscura was not a handheld camera per se, but was a dark chamber which consisted of an optical device for drawing. The camera obscura used a lens or a pinhole to project the image of the scene on a viewing surface. The first camera obscuras were large enough to house one or more people. The evolution into handheld cameras was much more gradual. However, even the handheld cameras of yore couldn't be compared to the compact sized cameras we see today.

=Why Was It Invented=

Originally the camera was made to capture a moment and movement in time fast and exactly. Read more: [] [|Digital camera] The digital camera was invented so that it can be used as a highly convenient device to capture pictures/films and scenes and then develop those pictures/photographs and films. It is used in different types of occasions. It is handy usefull everywhere!

=Where Was It Invented=

Not in Paris, France. (Niepce was working in a town miles south of Paris, about 150 miles in fact) The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph - Nicéphore niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier.

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**1837** - Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre and Joseph Nicephore Niepce were the first to develop the first permanent photograph.

**Early 1940’s** –The first color photos were produced. Cameras which produced color photos were introduced and grabbed the attention of minds all over the world.

**1948** – In 1948 the first Polaroid camera was sold to the public ( Well the ones that could pay for it ). Polaroid cameras are cameras which have the ability and the power to instantly produce a photograph. This was the first type of camera of its kind ( there were many after that ).

**1960** – In 1960 the first underwater camera was introduced to the world. This type of camera was originally made for the U.S Navy, but has become a very popular make of camera for many underwater lovers.

**1986** – Disposable cameras were first introduced and became very popular, very fast. Disposable cameras can be purchased for a very low price and are chucked away after the roll of film is produced.

**1981** – The first digital camera was made and is the most recent addition to the world of cameras. Digital cameras provide more features than any other camera ever produced by then. These cameras have home printing options, video options and provide you the opportunity to delete photos which you do not want printed. Digital cameras hold photographs on a memory card, which allows one camera to hold over a hundred photos. These have become more and more popular over the past few years.

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The first photographs were taken using a pewter plate and bitumen. This plate was then exposed to light. Since the bitumen hardened where the light struck, the unhardened areas were dissolved away. This left a visible image.

The first practical photograph method was invented in 1835 by Louis Jacques Daguerre. It was named daguerreotype after him. The process included coating a copper plate with silver and then treated with iodine vapor to make it sensitive to light. The image was then developed by mercury vapor. It was later fixed with a solution of ordinary salt. The process was then perfected by William Fox Talbot in 1840. The calotype produced a negative picture on paper, which had the lights as darks and the darks as lights. The positive would be made on another sheet of sensitized paper which was exposed to light through the negative.

The first American patent for photography was awarded to Alexander Wolcott and his camera in 1840. By 1843, the first advertisement with a photograph was made in Philadelphia. The Panaromic camera was patented in Sutton.

Photography and cameras were brought to the general public by George Eastman somewhere around 1885. He called his first camera the 'Kodak'. It was a simple box camera which had a fixed focus lens and had a single shutter speed. It had enough film for a hundred exposures (photos) and had to be sent back to the factory for processing the camera, as well as reloading it. Cameras became widely available only in the nineteenth century, with Kodak coming out with a series of box cameras as well as folding cameras.

The **Brownie** by Kodak may be the cheapest camera to be ever made, with it being sold at around a dollar. The Brownie was also the camera to introduce the 'snapshot' concept. The Brownie was first introduced in 1900 and was on available for purchase even till 1960.

35mm, the film gauge used for still photography, was first introduced in 1892 by Thomas Edison and William Dickson. In 35mm, the photographic film is cut into strips of 35 millimeters. 35mm cine film was first used to build a compact camera by Oskar Barnack, and further research lagged due to the first world war. The first 35mm camera was brought into the market in 1925, and was named the Lecia 1. Twin Lens Cameras, better known as TLRs were first featured in the during the nineteen hundreds. However, they were too bulky to be popular with the common public. What can be termed as a revolution in cameras appeared on the market in 1948. The world's first instant-picture camera.

The Polaroid Model 45, also known as the Land Camera after it's inventor Edwin Land, was the world's first instant picture camera. The camera used patented chemical processes to produce finished positive prints from exposed negatives within a minute.

The first true digital camera was the Fuji DS-1P in 1988. It had a 16 MB internal memory. However, it was never released in the US. The first widely available digital camera was released in 1991, the Kodak DCS-100.

=How Is It Still Used Today= To take photos of people / things.

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=Webliography=

http://www.ehow.com/about_4574467_what-camera.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/who-invented-the-first-camera.html [] [] [] [|What Is a Camera? | eHow.com] [] http://www.blurtit.com/q610199.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-the-camera.html http://www.ehow.com/about_4574467_what-camera.html#ixzz16kFVdDRn

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